Post by Admin on Nov 5, 2022 21:52:22 GMT -6
This thread is dedicated to the 1882 Gomez Device. This is the first translation of the device patent.

The discovery of induction currents in 1830 by Faraday opened a new field of study for physicists and inventors. Pixii, manufacturer of instruments of physics in Paris, was the first one that in 1832 made the application of this discovery, and constructed a machine that carried out, in a practical way, the production of induction currents applicable to the same uses that the currents of the battery. His machine, perfected successively by Saxton, Clarke, Weatstone, Wilde, Siemens and Ladd has rendered immense services to science, and in its principle are founded all the known magneto-electric machines.
Doctor Werner, Siemens and Sir Charles Wheantone later discovered the principle of Dynamo simultaneously, and with its application they have come to construct machines that in a reduced volume develop powerful currents. Being these machines the most perfect ones until today known, they are the applied ones generally and they produce the electricity whenever a great amount of it is needed, and especially for the electrical light.
However, since all systems are based on the principle of approximation and separation of coils or spirals induced to strong magnets or electromagnets, and having to overcome attractions and repulsions that have an energy proportional to the current produced, the mechanical force of a motor is needed, which is in relation to the amount of electricity to be produced. In addition, these machines have to turn with a very great speed, because the developed electro-motive force depends on it; and these inconveniences are the great obstacle that is found for the application of the electricity to the industry since its production is expensive and cumbersome.
Examining the causes that produce the induced currents, I find, however:
1.That in a spiral or a propeller, which is close to a voltaic circuit, but not in contact with it, an induced current is produced, provided that in order to pass or cease to pass through the circuit a current
2.That by keeping the propeller at a certain distance from the circuit when a current passes through it, whenever the propeller approaches or moves away, induced currents are produced.
3.That the approach and separation of the propeller to a magnetic pole also produces eddy currents.
4. And finally, that any change in the magnetic state of space near or within a secondary spiral produces an induced current in the wire" (Theory and Phenomena of Electricity by John Tyndall)
The first three cases are applied, but the fourth is not, to date, directly applied and is precisely the foundation of my machines.
The second principle that I try to use in my machines is the following: "If instead of a bar of sweet iron a magnet is placed in the center of a coil, while a current passes through it, the magnet loses its magnetic properties, which it regains when the action of the current ceases, redirecting it in the right direction.
The French navy captain Mr Fresed has done great experiments on this and has found, as Huglier had already done, that a steel bar, for whose maximum magnetization a pile of five elements would be needed. Buciven returns to its natural state by passing through the coil the current produced by a microscopic element of slightly acidic water (Treatise on practical telegraphy by D. Francisco Pérez Blanco)
On the basis of these remarkable results, I have composed this machine, according to the shape shown in the enclosed drawing; but as you can see, all the parts necessary to carry out the first test are being built, this shape is only theoretical and perhaps in practice it will be necessary to adopt a different one, which offers more advantages, or which is more suitable for the use for which the machine is intended.
Hardened steel bars A (fig.1) with a prismatic quadrangular shape are magnetized by the continuous passage of a strong current; so that their poles B and D are in the direction of the shorter axis, and in them the LLL soft iron pieces formed by thinner plates on one side than on the other, which are intended to increase the magnetic field, are grafted by some screws. These magnets, thus formed, are dressed with a copper wire, which is wound around a portion of the magnet in the direction of the longer axis.
Some J coils (fig.2) formed of a sweet iron heart of the same figure and size as the magnets, and whose poles end like those in wider plates, are dressed with a thinner and longer copper wire, perfectly insulated, and that gives many turns around the heart parallel to the longer axis.
These magnets and coils are joined together and placed so that there is a magnet between every two coils, taking care that the poles of the magnets acting on the same coil are opposite in name. The set of magnets and coils forms a cylinder or crown, holding them in this prison some JJ wooden rings (fig 3 and 4) that are tightened with some screws. Inside each ring there is another wooden ring HH (fig.4) that has some copper pieces aaa... fixed with screws, to which the ends of the propellers that surround the magnets come to, in such a disposition that the electric current that enters by L, after having necessarily passed through all of them, comes out by M.
The ends of the propellers of each coil end in two perfectly insulated PP metal rings (fig.as 3º and 4º) fixed on the outer wooden rings JJ but with the precaution that the ends of the propellers that correspond to the positive pole of the magnets end in the upper ring, and the ends of the negative poles in the lower ring or vice versa.
Arranged in this way, if an electric current is passed from point L to point M of one of the crowns, it will pass through the propellers that surround the magnets and these will lose their magnetizing force, so that, according to the principle already stated, induced currents will be produced in the RR coils which will come to the PP metal rings from which they can be picked up by the conductors 77 . When the primitive current stops passing through the magnets, these will regain their magnetization, so that new induced currents will be produced in the coils again, which will also pass through the PP rings and the 77 conductors. Both currents will be opposite in direction, and as this way they are only useful for the lighting with a voltaic arc lamp, I have arranged a current switch or straightener which I have connected to the switch of the primitive current in the following way.
A small column A is fixed on a wooden plate (fig.as 5ª and 6ª) with a lever B , which has grafted on one of its ends the armature C of a small electromagnet S and on the other the mechanism to straighten the currents, which I will explain later. Next to the little column, parallel to the lever, there is a piece of wood E in which the poles of a small battery J and H are fixed. The everything is arranged so that the current of the batteries that arrives from J passes by the conductor m to the electromagnet to the conductor d , to the point L of the crown, crosses the propellers of the magnets, and by M it returns to the conductor f, to the column A and by the intermediary of the lever B it passes to the screw r that closes the circuit for being fixed in the metallic plate z, where the other conductor H of the battery comes to stop. Closed in circuit in the same way, the current that passes through all the magnets, which form the crown on the left, will make them lose their magnetization, but as it magnetizes the small electromagnet D of the device, this attracting its armature C, will make the contact of the screw r with the lever B cease, This will interrupt the circuit, but at the same time it will close it between the screws h and l that are united with the battery by means of the wire that forms the propeller of the magnets of the right crown, the current that will pass through it will produce in the magnets the same effect that it produced before in those of the left crown; That is to say, it will make them lose their magnetization, but in the meantime, as the force of attraction of the small electromagnet D will have ceased, the armature requested by the spring S will return to its first position, and with this it will again establish the circuit with the crown on the left, and the same effects will be repeated, and as the circuit is opened and closed with one and another crown in a constant and indefinite manner.
The switch or the current straightener is formed as follows: four little copper columns f.''f.'''f. are placed in front of each other in two parallel lines. Its upper part is topped by a hollow, inverted cone trunk, and its interior is filled with mercury. The two small columns on one side f.''f are used for the TT conductors of the crown and the ones in front ''f.'''f are used for the conductors that have to direct the current to their place of action. Above these columns and between them, attached to the end of lever B of the switch by the screw I, there is a piece p of ebonite, or any other insulating substance, which is crossed and without touching the metal arches or finished by some small brushes which enter the mercury, which supports the columns, when the lever is lowered through this door. Further down, fixed to the ebonite piece, there are some metal pieces that are arranged so that, when the lever is raised at this end, they adjust and close the space that remains between each of the columns that are in front of it. With this disposition we will have that, when the switch lever is high, the currents that arrive to the columns pass directly to those of in front by means of the metallic piece that closes the space that there is between them; and that, on the contrary, when it is low the lever B the currents have to pass by the mercury and the metallic arcs oo, that inverting and crossing their position makes them pass by the opposite columns, with or that the currents in the conductors ZZ always take the same direction.
In the switch's sketch, this is double, and in this way the currents of each of the crowns can be collected separately, or they can be joined together and become one, making the wires reach two columns alone.
This generator, which I have already explained, must have above all the advantage of economy, since it does not need any engine to develop electricity, and its duration must be indefinite, since no other part moving in it outside the switch, must have no wear and tear. Its handling and entertainment will not be embarrassing either, since everything will be reduced to the handling of a battery of four or six Leclanché elements, or any other economic and simple handling system. It is possible and very easy to divide it, and its elements can be arranged in such a way that the groups can easily be separated and joined in quantity, as required, or used separately for each of them.
It is possible that, in spite of the fact that these machines which have no other movable part than the switch and commutator of currents, which do not need a bigger size than the one in the drawing for the most powerful ones, and in which therefore the magnets and coils of the biggest dimensions can be made without any inconvenience, in their character of magneto-electricity, do not lend themselves to go beyond certain limits in their effects; For this reason, as I have already said, this form and disposition that I have given you is purely theoretical, and in practice perhaps it is another that is convenient, and perhaps it is necessary to employ electro-magnets instead of permanent magnets, using the primitive current to excite magnetization in them, or what will surely be better to make use of a second machine formed with electro-magnets, in which the current born in the first will produce magnetization, and with this disposition it will be double multiplied to infinity the very small primitive current.
The applications and advantages that a machine of this kind promises are infinite, dedicated to all the uses in which, until today, electricity is used.
It has no rival that can compete with it. By making it possible from now on to produce enormous quantities of this fluid at extremely reduced prices, it opens up an immense path for industry, which will surely soon apply it and accept it for the service of all its needs; And it is to be hoped that, if the tests which will be made of it in a few days' time crown my hopes, and confirm in practice what the theory promises, we shall soon see this new generator applied to telegraphy, to the production of light and force, to traction in the railways, to impulsion in the navy, to metallurgical operations, to the infinite and varied applications in short, to which this fluid, as rare as it is energetic in its mode of operation, lends itself.
Madrid, October 2, 1882
Manuel Daza y Gomez
Note;
Exclusive privilege patent for twenty years for the application to the construction of electrical machines of the principle that any change in the magnetic state of space near a spiral produces secondary currents
Manuel Daza y Gomez
PS. A mistake was made in the description as the caps were actually a battery. Edit; Changed
Regards,
Admin

The discovery of induction currents in 1830 by Faraday opened a new field of study for physicists and inventors. Pixii, manufacturer of instruments of physics in Paris, was the first one that in 1832 made the application of this discovery, and constructed a machine that carried out, in a practical way, the production of induction currents applicable to the same uses that the currents of the battery. His machine, perfected successively by Saxton, Clarke, Weatstone, Wilde, Siemens and Ladd has rendered immense services to science, and in its principle are founded all the known magneto-electric machines.
Doctor Werner, Siemens and Sir Charles Wheantone later discovered the principle of Dynamo simultaneously, and with its application they have come to construct machines that in a reduced volume develop powerful currents. Being these machines the most perfect ones until today known, they are the applied ones generally and they produce the electricity whenever a great amount of it is needed, and especially for the electrical light.
However, since all systems are based on the principle of approximation and separation of coils or spirals induced to strong magnets or electromagnets, and having to overcome attractions and repulsions that have an energy proportional to the current produced, the mechanical force of a motor is needed, which is in relation to the amount of electricity to be produced. In addition, these machines have to turn with a very great speed, because the developed electro-motive force depends on it; and these inconveniences are the great obstacle that is found for the application of the electricity to the industry since its production is expensive and cumbersome.
Examining the causes that produce the induced currents, I find, however:
1.That in a spiral or a propeller, which is close to a voltaic circuit, but not in contact with it, an induced current is produced, provided that in order to pass or cease to pass through the circuit a current
2.That by keeping the propeller at a certain distance from the circuit when a current passes through it, whenever the propeller approaches or moves away, induced currents are produced.
3.That the approach and separation of the propeller to a magnetic pole also produces eddy currents.
4. And finally, that any change in the magnetic state of space near or within a secondary spiral produces an induced current in the wire" (Theory and Phenomena of Electricity by John Tyndall)
The first three cases are applied, but the fourth is not, to date, directly applied and is precisely the foundation of my machines.
The second principle that I try to use in my machines is the following: "If instead of a bar of sweet iron a magnet is placed in the center of a coil, while a current passes through it, the magnet loses its magnetic properties, which it regains when the action of the current ceases, redirecting it in the right direction.
The French navy captain Mr Fresed has done great experiments on this and has found, as Huglier had already done, that a steel bar, for whose maximum magnetization a pile of five elements would be needed. Buciven returns to its natural state by passing through the coil the current produced by a microscopic element of slightly acidic water (Treatise on practical telegraphy by D. Francisco Pérez Blanco)
On the basis of these remarkable results, I have composed this machine, according to the shape shown in the enclosed drawing; but as you can see, all the parts necessary to carry out the first test are being built, this shape is only theoretical and perhaps in practice it will be necessary to adopt a different one, which offers more advantages, or which is more suitable for the use for which the machine is intended.
Hardened steel bars A (fig.1) with a prismatic quadrangular shape are magnetized by the continuous passage of a strong current; so that their poles B and D are in the direction of the shorter axis, and in them the LLL soft iron pieces formed by thinner plates on one side than on the other, which are intended to increase the magnetic field, are grafted by some screws. These magnets, thus formed, are dressed with a copper wire, which is wound around a portion of the magnet in the direction of the longer axis.
Some J coils (fig.2) formed of a sweet iron heart of the same figure and size as the magnets, and whose poles end like those in wider plates, are dressed with a thinner and longer copper wire, perfectly insulated, and that gives many turns around the heart parallel to the longer axis.
These magnets and coils are joined together and placed so that there is a magnet between every two coils, taking care that the poles of the magnets acting on the same coil are opposite in name. The set of magnets and coils forms a cylinder or crown, holding them in this prison some JJ wooden rings (fig 3 and 4) that are tightened with some screws. Inside each ring there is another wooden ring HH (fig.4) that has some copper pieces aaa... fixed with screws, to which the ends of the propellers that surround the magnets come to, in such a disposition that the electric current that enters by L, after having necessarily passed through all of them, comes out by M.
The ends of the propellers of each coil end in two perfectly insulated PP metal rings (fig.as 3º and 4º) fixed on the outer wooden rings JJ but with the precaution that the ends of the propellers that correspond to the positive pole of the magnets end in the upper ring, and the ends of the negative poles in the lower ring or vice versa.
Arranged in this way, if an electric current is passed from point L to point M of one of the crowns, it will pass through the propellers that surround the magnets and these will lose their magnetizing force, so that, according to the principle already stated, induced currents will be produced in the RR coils which will come to the PP metal rings from which they can be picked up by the conductors 77 . When the primitive current stops passing through the magnets, these will regain their magnetization, so that new induced currents will be produced in the coils again, which will also pass through the PP rings and the 77 conductors. Both currents will be opposite in direction, and as this way they are only useful for the lighting with a voltaic arc lamp, I have arranged a current switch or straightener which I have connected to the switch of the primitive current in the following way.
A small column A is fixed on a wooden plate (fig.as 5ª and 6ª) with a lever B , which has grafted on one of its ends the armature C of a small electromagnet S and on the other the mechanism to straighten the currents, which I will explain later. Next to the little column, parallel to the lever, there is a piece of wood E in which the poles of a small battery J and H are fixed. The everything is arranged so that the current of the batteries that arrives from J passes by the conductor m to the electromagnet to the conductor d , to the point L of the crown, crosses the propellers of the magnets, and by M it returns to the conductor f, to the column A and by the intermediary of the lever B it passes to the screw r that closes the circuit for being fixed in the metallic plate z, where the other conductor H of the battery comes to stop. Closed in circuit in the same way, the current that passes through all the magnets, which form the crown on the left, will make them lose their magnetization, but as it magnetizes the small electromagnet D of the device, this attracting its armature C, will make the contact of the screw r with the lever B cease, This will interrupt the circuit, but at the same time it will close it between the screws h and l that are united with the battery by means of the wire that forms the propeller of the magnets of the right crown, the current that will pass through it will produce in the magnets the same effect that it produced before in those of the left crown; That is to say, it will make them lose their magnetization, but in the meantime, as the force of attraction of the small electromagnet D will have ceased, the armature requested by the spring S will return to its first position, and with this it will again establish the circuit with the crown on the left, and the same effects will be repeated, and as the circuit is opened and closed with one and another crown in a constant and indefinite manner.
The switch or the current straightener is formed as follows: four little copper columns f.''f.'''f. are placed in front of each other in two parallel lines. Its upper part is topped by a hollow, inverted cone trunk, and its interior is filled with mercury. The two small columns on one side f.''f are used for the TT conductors of the crown and the ones in front ''f.'''f are used for the conductors that have to direct the current to their place of action. Above these columns and between them, attached to the end of lever B of the switch by the screw I, there is a piece p of ebonite, or any other insulating substance, which is crossed and without touching the metal arches or finished by some small brushes which enter the mercury, which supports the columns, when the lever is lowered through this door. Further down, fixed to the ebonite piece, there are some metal pieces that are arranged so that, when the lever is raised at this end, they adjust and close the space that remains between each of the columns that are in front of it. With this disposition we will have that, when the switch lever is high, the currents that arrive to the columns pass directly to those of in front by means of the metallic piece that closes the space that there is between them; and that, on the contrary, when it is low the lever B the currents have to pass by the mercury and the metallic arcs oo, that inverting and crossing their position makes them pass by the opposite columns, with or that the currents in the conductors ZZ always take the same direction.
In the switch's sketch, this is double, and in this way the currents of each of the crowns can be collected separately, or they can be joined together and become one, making the wires reach two columns alone.
This generator, which I have already explained, must have above all the advantage of economy, since it does not need any engine to develop electricity, and its duration must be indefinite, since no other part moving in it outside the switch, must have no wear and tear. Its handling and entertainment will not be embarrassing either, since everything will be reduced to the handling of a battery of four or six Leclanché elements, or any other economic and simple handling system. It is possible and very easy to divide it, and its elements can be arranged in such a way that the groups can easily be separated and joined in quantity, as required, or used separately for each of them.
It is possible that, in spite of the fact that these machines which have no other movable part than the switch and commutator of currents, which do not need a bigger size than the one in the drawing for the most powerful ones, and in which therefore the magnets and coils of the biggest dimensions can be made without any inconvenience, in their character of magneto-electricity, do not lend themselves to go beyond certain limits in their effects; For this reason, as I have already said, this form and disposition that I have given you is purely theoretical, and in practice perhaps it is another that is convenient, and perhaps it is necessary to employ electro-magnets instead of permanent magnets, using the primitive current to excite magnetization in them, or what will surely be better to make use of a second machine formed with electro-magnets, in which the current born in the first will produce magnetization, and with this disposition it will be double multiplied to infinity the very small primitive current.
The applications and advantages that a machine of this kind promises are infinite, dedicated to all the uses in which, until today, electricity is used.
It has no rival that can compete with it. By making it possible from now on to produce enormous quantities of this fluid at extremely reduced prices, it opens up an immense path for industry, which will surely soon apply it and accept it for the service of all its needs; And it is to be hoped that, if the tests which will be made of it in a few days' time crown my hopes, and confirm in practice what the theory promises, we shall soon see this new generator applied to telegraphy, to the production of light and force, to traction in the railways, to impulsion in the navy, to metallurgical operations, to the infinite and varied applications in short, to which this fluid, as rare as it is energetic in its mode of operation, lends itself.
Madrid, October 2, 1882
Manuel Daza y Gomez
Note;
Exclusive privilege patent for twenty years for the application to the construction of electrical machines of the principle that any change in the magnetic state of space near a spiral produces secondary currents
Manuel Daza y Gomez
PS. A mistake was made in the description as the caps were actually a battery. Edit; Changed
Regards,
Admin